Many South Pacific island states are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Indeed, some are already experiencing population movement due to environmental events and processes likely to be exacerbated by future climate change. Yet others are at risk of disappearing altogether over the coming century and beyond. The potential for climate change to generate population movement over the coming decades, therefore, raises substantial domestic and international policy challenges. This edited volume is the result of a conference held in Wellington in July 2009 that examined these and related issues. Drawing on a range of perspectives, this volume identifies concepts, frameworks, and possible policy responses to deal effectively with what may become one of the greatest humanitarian challenges of the 21st century.