Studies of the changing nature of medical workforce often focus on gender and migration separately. In addition, the living arrangements of doctors are rarely considered. This study uses both migration and census data to focus on three main questions.

• In the last two decades (1986 to 2006), how has the mix of doctors changed in terms of sex and whether born in New Zealand overall, and what are the differences across the main urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas?

• How have the living arrangements for doctors changed over this time period?

• If in a couple, how have the educational and employment status of partners changed over this time period?